Do Now:What were Pericles three goals for Athens?
1.
2.
3.
What is a democracy?
Why was the Parthenon built?
What was the purpose of Greek Comedies?
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Do Now 2:
What is a philosopher?
Who was Socrates?
Plato?
Aristotle?
What is a Golden Age?
Who is your Math. Science, and Art teacher?
Athens in know for _____________.
Sparta is know for ______________.
Pericles as Leader
• Skillful politician, inspiring speaker, respected general
• Dominates life in Athens from 461 to 429 B.C.
Stronger Democracy
• Pericles hires more public officials; creates direct democracy
• Direct democracy—citizens rule directly, not through representatives
Athenian Empire
• Takes over Delian League; uses money to strengthen Athenian fleet
• Sparta and other cities resent Athenian power
Pericles’ Plan for Athens
Glorifying Athens
• Pericles buys gold, ivory, marble; hires artisans to beautify Athens
Glorious Art and Architecture
Architecture and Sculpture
• Pericles builds the Parthenon—a large temple to honor goddess Athena
• Within temple, sculptor Phidias crafts 30-foot statue of Athena
• Sculptors create graceful, strong, perfectly formed figures
• Classical art—values harmony, order, balance, proportion, beauty
Drama and History
Tragedy and Comedy
• Greeks invent drama as an art form; includes chorus, dance, poetry
• Two forms of drama: tragedy and comedy
• Tragedy—tells story of heroes’ downfall; themes of love, hate, war
• Comedy—makes fun of politics and respected people; slapstick humor
• Greek dramatists include Aeschylus, Euripides, Aristophanes
History
• Historians Herodotus and Thucydides record and study past events
Athenians and Spartans Go to War
War Begins
• 431 B.C. city-states Sparta and Athens at war—Peloponnesian War
Peloponnesian War
• Sparta has better army, Athens has better navy
• Plague strikes Athens in 430 B.C., kills many—including Pericles
• Sparta and Athens sign truce in 421 B.C.
Sparta Gains Victory
• 415 B.C. Athens renews war, attacks Syracruse; is defeated in 413 B.C.
• Athens and allies surrender to Sparta in 404 B.C.
Philosophers Search for Truth
Rise of Great Philosophers
• After the war, rise of philosophers—thinkers, "lovers of wisdom"
• Believe universe is subject to absolute and unchanging laws
• People could understand these laws through logic, reason
• Sophist philosopher Protagoras questions the existence of Greek gods
Socrates
• Socrates—believes in questioning, self-examination of values, actions
• Convicted of corrupting young people; sentenced to death in 399 B.C.
Plato
• Plato—student of Socrates; writes The Republic—an ideal society
• In 387 B.C., establishes Athens school, the Academy; lasts 900 years
• His writings dominate European philosophy for 1,500 years
Aristotle
• Aristotle—student of Plato; uses rules of logic for argument
• His work provides the basis for scientific method, still used today
• Tutors 13-year-old prince who becomes Alexander the Great
