Do Now:- How did Greek Independence end?
- What two kingdoms did Alexander defeat?
- How large was Alexander's Empire?
- How did Alexanders Empire end?
Alexander the Great conquers Persia and Egypt and extends his empire to the
Indus River in northwest India. Philip Builds Macedonian Power
Macedonia
• Macedonia—kingdom of mountain villages north of Greece
• King Philip II—ruler, brilliant general; dreams of controlling Greece
• Macedonians call themselves Greek; rest of Greece does not
Philip’s Army
• Philip creates well-trained professional army; plans to invade Greece
Conquest of Greece
• 338 B.C. Macedonians defeat Greece; 336 B.C. King Philip murdered
• His son named king of Macedonia—becomes Alexander the Great
Alexander’s Early Life
• Tutored by Aristotle; inspired by the Iliad; has military training
• Becomes king when 20 years old; destroys Thebes to curb rebellion
Invasion of Persia
• 334 B.C. Alexander invades Persia; quick victory at Granicus River
• Darius III—king of Persia, assembles army of 50,000–75,000 men
• Alexander defeats Persians again, forces King of Persia to flee
Conquering the Persian Empire
• Alexander marches into Egypt, crowned pharaoh in 332 B.C.
• At Gaugamela in Mesopotamia, Alexander defeats Persians again
• Alexander captures cities of Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis
• Persepolis, the Persian capital, burned to the ground
• Ashes of Persepolis signal total destruction of Persian Empire
Alexander in India
• Alexander fights his way across the deserts of Central Asia to India
• Alexander conquers Indus Valley area in 326 B.C.
• Reluctantly returns to Babylon, dies in 323 B.C.
Alexander’s Legacy
• Alexander melds Greek and Persian cultures; wife is Persian
• Empire becomes three kingdoms: (1) Macedonia, Greek city-states;
• (2) Egypt; (3) old Persia, also known as Seleucid kingdom
Indus River in northwest India. Philip Builds Macedonian Power
Macedonia
• Macedonia—kingdom of mountain villages north of Greece
• King Philip II—ruler, brilliant general; dreams of controlling Greece
• Macedonians call themselves Greek; rest of Greece does not
Philip’s Army
• Philip creates well-trained professional army; plans to invade Greece
Conquest of Greece
• 338 B.C. Macedonians defeat Greece; 336 B.C. King Philip murdered
• His son named king of Macedonia—becomes Alexander the Great
Alexander’s Early Life
• Tutored by Aristotle; inspired by the Iliad; has military training
• Becomes king when 20 years old; destroys Thebes to curb rebellion
Invasion of Persia
• 334 B.C. Alexander invades Persia; quick victory at Granicus River
• Darius III—king of Persia, assembles army of 50,000–75,000 men
• Alexander defeats Persians again, forces King of Persia to flee
Conquering the Persian Empire
• Alexander marches into Egypt, crowned pharaoh in 332 B.C.
• At Gaugamela in Mesopotamia, Alexander defeats Persians again
• Alexander captures cities of Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis
• Persepolis, the Persian capital, burned to the ground
• Ashes of Persepolis signal total destruction of Persian Empire
Alexander in India
• Alexander fights his way across the deserts of Central Asia to India
• Alexander conquers Indus Valley area in 326 B.C.
• Reluctantly returns to Babylon, dies in 323 B.C.
Alexander’s Legacy
• Alexander melds Greek and Persian cultures; wife is Persian
• Empire becomes three kingdoms: (1) Macedonia, Greek city-states;
• (2) Egypt; (3) old Persia, also known as Seleucid kingdom
